Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose, but its structure allows it to pack compactly, so more of it can be stored in cells for later use. Do you know the storage form of glucose in animals is that? All will be answered shortly the following.
Animals (including humans) store some glucose in the cells so that it is available for quick shots of energy. Excess glucose is stored in the liver as the large compound called glycogen. If you consume so many extra carbohydrates that your body stores more and more glucose, all your glycogen may be compactly structured, but you no longer will be.
Specifically the animal cells store glucose is in a compound known as glycogen. Glycogen is primarily stored by liver cells, but some is also stored in muscle cells for immediate use if needed. Glycogen molecules consist of many thousands of glucose molecules linked together by alpha acetal groups in a highly branched, very compact form.
Glucose is the primary fuel the body uses to create adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, the energy currency used by every cell on the planet. The brain, in particular, is almost totally reliant on a steady stream of glucose for operation. The muscles must also be ready to use energy at a much higher rate than digestion and circulation can provide.
Glycogen is the body’s way of keeping a quickly accessible form of energy on hand for these vital systems. The body’s capacity to store glycogen is limited. The liver and muscle cells can only store so much. When there is excess, glucose is not stored in glycogen, but is instead converted into fat, another form of compact energy storage, but one that takes longer to utilise than glycogen. Muscle cells use calories from digesting food or fats when energy demand is low, using their glycogen for more intense efforts.
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